Assisting someone in a wheelchair requires more than just physical effort—it demands attention to safety, communication, and proper body mechanics. Whether you are a caregiver, healthcare worker, or simply helping a loved one, knowing how to push and handle a wheelchair correctly can prevent injury and ensure comfort. Below are essential guidelines for safe wheelchair assistance.
Preparing the Wheelchair
Before moving, take a moment to ensure the wheelchair and its occupant are properly prepared.
Check the brakes: Always lock the brakes before the person gets into or out of the chair. Release them only when you are ready to move.
Adjust the footrests: The person’s feet should be resting securely on the footrests during transport. If transferring, make sure feet are flat on the ground to prevent dragging or injury.
Secure the seatbelt (if available): If a lap belt or other restraint has been recommended, fasten it to prevent sliding or falling.
Clear hands and clothing: Make sure hands, blankets, and clothing are safely tucked inside the chair and away from the wheels.
Proper Body Mechanics for the Caregiver
Your safety is just as important as the passenger’s. Using correct body mechanics helps reduce strain and maintain control.
Stand close and upright: Position yourself close to the wheelchair for better leverage and balance.
Use both hands: Grip both handles firmly to keep the chair stable.
Protect your back: Keep your spine straight and bend at your knees when adjusting footrests, brakes, or seatbelts.
Push, don’t pull: Pulling a wheelchair strains your back and reduces control. Always push forward.
While Pushing
Once moving, focus on providing a safe and comfortable ride.
Maintain a steady pace: Avoid sudden starts, stops, or jerky movements.
Communicate often: Tell the person before you start, stop, turn, or roll over uneven ground.
Take wide corners: This prevents bumping into walls, furniture, or doorways.
Handle uneven surfaces carefully: Slow down and guide the chair gently over thresholds, rough ground, or carpets.
Safety on Ramps and Curbs
Ramps and curbs can be challenging without the right technique.
Going down a ramp: Always go backward, facing uphill. This keeps the chair from rolling ahead uncontrollably. Keep both hands firmly on the handles and move slowly.
Going up a ramp: Move forward while leaning slightly into the push. If the ramp is steep, ask for assistance.
Navigating curbs: Use the wheelchair’s tipping bar—the small lever near the rear wheels—to gently lift the front casters before going up or down. Keep the chair balanced and let the person know what you are about to do.
Stopping and Parking
Whenever you stop, even briefly, take precautions.
Apply the brakes: Always lock the brakes, especially on inclines, to keep the chair steady.
Park safely: Position the chair facing forward unless there is a specific need to angle differently. Check that the space ahead is free of obstacles.
Communication and Dignity
Beyond safety, assisting someone in a wheelchair is also about respect and comfort.
Talk before moving: Let the person know what you’re doing and make sure they are ready.
Check for comfort: Ask if they are positioned well and if adjustments are needed.
Respect independence: If the person can help steer, adjust, or move, allow them to participate. This promotes dignity and control.
Safe wheelchair assistance blends preparation, proper body mechanics, and respectful communication. By taking time to check equipment, move carefully, and keep the person informed, you not only reduce risks but also provide a more positive and dignified experience. Whether for daily care or occasional support, these techniques ensure that both caregiver and passenger stay safe and comfortable.